Ibhulogi

Intaba eKapa edume kakhulu futhi isithonjana yiTable Mountain. Yintaba esezingeni eliphakeme elibheka idolobha futhi ingenye yezimpawu ezibonakala kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika. Ukulondolozwa Kwentaba Yethebula kuyingxenye yetafula lezintaba zeNational Park, ehlanganisa uhla lwezintaba oluhamba eCape peninsula.

ITable Mountain cishe 1,086 amamitha (3,563 izinyawo) mude futhi wenziwe nge-sandstone namadwala ama-granite. Intaba iyikhaya lezinhlu ezahlukahlukene zezimbali nezilwane, izitshalo kufaka phakathi izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zifaka isihlahla sesiliva, I-red disa orchid, kanye ne-ghost frog.

ITable Mountain yindawo ethandwa izivakashi, Futhi izivakashi zingathatha ngisho nemoto yekhebula noma ukuhamba ngezinyawo phezulu ukuze zijabulele ukubukwa okumangalisa kwe-paper idolobha kanye nolwandle i-Atlantic Ocean. Intaba futhi inikeza izindlela eziningi zokuhamba ngezinyawo zamazinga ahlukahlukene wobunzima, kanye nama-rock ekhuphuka namathuba aphezulu.

ITable Mountain isibonakaliso esibalulekile nesiko labantu baseKapa futhi baqashelwa njengendawo yamagugu emhlabeni. Kungumsebenzi obalulekile kwezomnotho, Ukuhlinzeka ngamathuba okuzijabulisa nokuheha izivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke.

I-Western Cape flora iyiqoqo elihlukahlukene futhi eliyingqayizivele lezitshalo ezitholakala esifundazweni saseWestern Cape eNingizimu Afrika, okuhlanganisa isifunda esizungeze iTable Mountain. I-flora ibonakala ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezitshalo, Ngaphezulu 9,000 izinhlobo zezitshalo eziqhakazayo, ama-ferns, nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo, eziningi zazo zingezomdabu futhi azitholakali kwenye indawo emhlabeni.

Enye yezinhlobo ezigqame kakhulu zezimila eNtshonalanga Kapa i-fynbos, uhlobo lwezitshalo ze-shrubland ezihlukile esifundeni. I-Fynbos ibonakala ngengxube yezihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza, U-Eric, kanye nama-proteas futhi ijwayele isimo sezulu esishisayo saseMedithera, ihlobo elomile nobusika obumanzi.

Ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezitholakala eNtshonalanga Kapa zihlanganisa amahlathi, amaxhaphozi, namathafa, ngayinye inesethi yayo eyingqayizivele yezinhlobo zezitshalo. I-Cape Floral Kingdom, ehlanganisa iNtshonalanga Kapa kanye nezingxenye zesifundazwe saseMpumalanga Kapa, uthathwa njengomunye wemibuso eyisithupha yezimbali emhlabeni futhi uqashelwa njengendawo ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.

Izitshalo zaseNtshonalanga Kapa zihlobene kakhulu nemvelo, amasiko, kanye nokubaluleka kwezomnotho, ukuhlinzeka ngendawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo eziningi ze-endemic, kanye nokweseka ezolimo, ezokuvakasha, nezinye izimboni. Nokho, Izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo esifundeni zisengozini yokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, nezinye izici, futhi imizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo iyaqhubeka ukuze kuvikelwe futhi kubuyiselwe izitshalo nezindawo ezihlala kuzo.

Ixoxo leGhost (Heleophryne Purcell) iwuhlobo lwesele elitholakala esifundeni saseNtshonalanga Kapa eNingizimu Afrika, kubandakanya imifudlana namaxhaphozi aseTable Mountain nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Igama “ixoxo lesipoki” livela ekuphaphathekeni, ukubonakala okukhanyayo kwesikhumba sexoxo.

Ixoxo elithi Ghost liyisilwane esihlala emanzini esihlala emanzini esiphakathi nendawo, namaduna amadala afinyelela ku 55 amamilimitha (2.2 amayintshi) ngobude nezinsikazi ezindala ezifika ku 70 amamilimitha (2.8 amayintshi). Lolu hlobo luhlukile ngoba lunamandla okushintsha ukuthungwa kwesikhumba saso sisuke ebushelelezi sibe sibi, kuye ngendawo etholakala kuyo.

Ixoxo eliyiGhost ngokuyinhloko lihamba ebusuku futhi lisebenza ngesikhathi sokupholisa, izinyanga ezimanzi zonyaka. Ingumphakeli ongosomathuba, ukudla izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezingenamgogodla njengezinambuzane nezicabucabu. Uhlobo lunesu lokuzalanisa eliyingqayizivele, nezinsikazi zibekela amaqanda azo emhlabeni emachibini amancane noma emifantwini eswakeme, lapho bekhula babe ngonoshobishobi ngaphambi kokuthuthela emifudlaneni eseduze noma ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi.

Ixoxo le-Ghost lifakwe ohlwini lwezilwane ezisengozini ngenxa yokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala nezinye izinsongo, okuhlanganisa ukucekelwa phansi kanye nokungcoliswa kwezindawo zayo ezihlala emanzini. Imizamo yokulondoloza imvelo ivikela kakhulu futhi iyaqhubeka ukuze kuvikelwe futhi kubuyiselwe uhlobo lwezilwane nendawo ezihlala kuyo, okuhlanganisa nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuguguleka nokugcina izinga lamanzi emifudlana yayo namaxhaphozi. Ixoxo le-Ghost liphinde libe yindawo okugxilwe kuyo ocwaningweni ngezici zalo ezihlukile nokuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi liyingxenye ebalulekile yamagugu emvelo namasiko esifunda..

I-Disa Ebomvu, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Disa uniflora, iwuhlobo lwama-orchid oludabuka esifundeni saseNtshonalanga Kapa eNingizimu Afrika, kuhlanganisa iTable Mountain. Iwuhlobo lwezitshalo olwaziwayo esifundeni futhi iyimbali esemthethweni yesifundazwe saseNtshonalanga Kapa.

I-Red Disa iyi-orchid yasemhlabeni, okusho ukuthi imila phansi hhayi ezihlahleni njengezinye izinhlobo zama-orchid. Ngokuvamile ikhula ibe ubude obuzungezile 30 kwa- 50 amasentimitha (12 kwa- 20 amayintshi) futhi ikhiqiza eyodwa, imbali ebomvu ekhanyayo emayelana 5 amasentimitha (2 amayintshi) ububanzi.

I-Red Disa iqhakaza ezinyangeni zasehlobo zikaZibandlela kuya kuNhlolanja, nezimbali zayo ezibomvu ngokugqamile ziheha abantu abaqwala izintaba kanye nabathandi bemvelo eTable Mountain. Kuphinde kube wuphawu olubalulekile lwamasiko kubantu bomdabu bamaKhoisan, abasebenzise lesi sitshalo ngezinjongo zokwelapha namasiko.

Naphezu kokubaluleka kwamasiko nemvelo, i-Red Disa icabangele uhlobo olusengozini ngenxa yokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala nezinye izinsongo, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezihlaselayo kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Imizamo nemizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo iyaqhubeka ukuze kuvikelwe futhi kubuyiselwe uhlobo lwezilwane nendawo ezihlala kuyo, okuhlanganisa nezinyathelo zokuvimbela imililo, lawula izinhlobo zezitshalo ezihlaselayo, kanye nokukhuthaza izindlela ezisimeme zokusetshenziswa komhlaba.

Isihlahla seSiliva (Isiliva Leucadendron) isihlahla esingavamile futhi esisengozini yokushabalala esitholakala ezintabeni zase-Cape Peninsula eNingizimu Afrika., kuhlanganisa iTable Mountain. Isihlahla sithola igama laso embaleni ohlukile wesiliva-mpunga wamaqabunga aso, ezinde nezincane ezinomkhawulo ocijile.

Umuthi weSiliva uyilungu lomndeni wakwaProtea futhi uyingxenye ebalulekile yezitshalo ze-fynbos ezitholakala esifundeni saseNtshonalanga Kapa.. Kuyisihlahla esikhula kancane esingafinyelela phezulu 10 amamitha (33 izinyawo) ngobude kodwa itholakala kakhulu ezindaweni eziphakeme nxazonke 2 kwa- 4 amamitha (6 kwa- 13 izinyawo).

Isihlahla sikhiqiza izimbali ezincane eziphuzi noma ezimhlophe ezizungezwe ezinkulu, ubukhazikhazi, ama-bracts anombala wesiliva. Izimbali zithuthwa impova yizinambuzane, lembewu ihlakazwa ngumoya.

Isihlahla seSiliva sithathwa njengohlobo lwenkomba ye-fynbos ecosystem enempilo futhi engaguquki, njengoba izwela izinguquko endaweni yayo futhi iwumthombo wokudla obalulekile wezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni nezinambuzane. Lesi sihlahla sibalulekile futhi ngokwesiko kubantu bendabuko yamaKhoisan, abasebenzise amaqabunga awo ukwenza imithi nezingodo zawo ekwenzeni amathuluzi.

Ngeshwa, iSilver tree sibalwa njengezinhlobo zezitshalo ezisengozini, nezinkulungwane ezimbalwa kuphela zabantu abasele endle ngenxa yokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala nezinye izinsongo. Njengamanje imizamo yokulondoloza iyaqhubeka ukuze kuvikelwe futhi kubuyiselwe lezi zilwane nendawo yazo, okuhlanganisa nezinyathelo zokuvimbela imililo, lawula izinhlobo zezitshalo ezihlaselayo, kanye nokukhuthaza izindlela ezisimeme zokusetshenziswa komhlaba.

I-Table Mountain ihlanganisa indawo cishe 58 amakhilomitha-skwele (noma 22 amamayela ayizikwele), futhi itholakala ngaphakathi kwe-Table Mountain National Park eKapa, Iningizimu Afrika. I-National Park ihlanganisa indawo enkulu kakhulu, cishe 221 amakhilomitha-skwele (noma 85 amamayela ayizikwele), okungabandakanyi i-Table Mountain kuphela kodwa nezinhlobonhlobo zezinye izindawo zemvelo, okuhlanganisa neKapa Lethemba Elihle, I-Silvermine, kanye nabaPhostoli abayishumi nambili. I-Table Mountain Aerial Cableway inikeza izivakashi ithuba lokufinyelela esiqongweni sezintaba, futhi kukhona nezinhlobonhlobo zezindlela zokuhamba izintaba kanye namanye amathuba okungcebeleka ngaphakathi kwepaki.

I-Endemic isho uhlobo lwesitshalo noma lwesilwane oluhlukile futhi olukhethekile endaweni ethile noma endaweni ethile.. Izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala kuzo zitholakala kuphela endaweni ethile futhi azitholakali kwenye indawo emhlabeni.

Lokhu kungenzeka ngezizathu eziningana, kuhlanganise geological, isimo sezulu, kanye nezici zemvelo ezidala indawo eyingqayizivele efanele ukuphila nokwanda kohlobo oluthile. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinye izifunda nakho kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezimpawu zofuzo eziyingqayizivele kanye nokujwayela kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezivumela ukuthi zichume endaweni ethile..

Izinhlobo ezihlala ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo zivame ukubhekwa njengenani eliphezulu lokongiwa, njengoba zimelela ingxenye eyingqayizivele yemvelo ehlukahlukene yesifunda kanye ne-ecosystem. Bangase basongelwa ukulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, noma ezinye izici zemvelo, okungaholela ekwehleni kwenani labantu noma ngisho nokushabalala.

Izibonelo zezinhlobo ezihlala zikhona zihlanganisa ufudu olukhulu lwe-Galapagos, etholakala kuphela eziQhingini zaseGalapagos ngasogwini lwase-Ecuador, kanye ne-mountain pygmy possum, etholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezisezintabeni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Australia.

Intaba yetafula, eseKapa, Iningizimu Afrika, iyikhaya lesimiso semvelo esinothile futhi esihlukahlukene esisekela izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane. Isimo sentaba esiyingqayizivele, isimo sezulu, kanye nesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba yenze uhla lwezindawo zokuhlala, kusukela emathafeni e-fynbos kuya emahlathini aphezu kwezintaba, ezisekela izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, izinhlobo eziningi zazo ezitholakala endaweni.

I-Fynbos iwuhlobo lwezitshalo oluhlukile olutholakala esifundeni saseNtshonalanga Kapa eNingizimu Afrika, kanye neTable Mountain ingenye yezindawo ezibanzi kakhulu ze-fynbos emhlabeni. I-fynbos ibonakala ngezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahlana, izihlahla ezincane, kanye notshani, eziningi zazo eziye zajwayela umhlabathi ongenazo izakhi kanye nemvelo ethanda ukusha. I-fynbos iyikhaya lokuqeda 2,000 izinhlobo zezitshalo, 80% ezitholakala endaweni, kuhlanganisa nomndeni odumile wamaProtea wezitshalo eziqhakazayo.

Ngaphezu kwe-fynbos, I-Table Mountain iphinde isekele uhla lwezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo, kuhlanganise ne-renosterveld, uhlobo lwezitshalo olungavamile nolusongelwa oluphethwe izihlahlana nezitshalo ezinoshukela, kanye nehlathi lase-Afromontane, uhlobo lwehlathi olutholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme zentaba.

Indawo yemvelo ecebile nehlukahlukene yaseTable Mountain nayo iyikhaya lezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane, kuhlanganise nezibopho (i-rock hyrax), izimfene, kanye nohlu lwezinhlobo zezinyoni. I-dassie isilwane esincelisayo esincane esivame ukutholakala entabeni, kuyilapho izimfene ziyizinhlobo ezivikelwe ezidlala indima ebalulekile emvelweni ku-ecosystem.

Le ntaba iphinde isekele izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo nezihlala emanzini, kuhlanganisa nengwe yasezintabeni zaseKapa, okuwuhlobo olusengozini yokushabalala oluyivelakancane futhi olungatholakali kalula.

I-ecosystem ye-Table Mountain eyingqayizivele iyindawo ebalulekile yezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi idlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yemvelo yesifunda. I-Table Mountain National Park inikezelwe ukuvikela indawo eyingqayizivele yentaba kanye nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okusimeme komhlaba kuyilapho ihlinzeka izivakashi ngamathuba okuhlangenwe nakho nokufunda mayelana nemvelo ecebile nehlukahlukene..

Umhlobo wezitshalo yiqembu lezitshalo ezihlanganyela isethi yezimpawu ezifanayo futhi ezingazalanisa ukuze zikhiqize inzalo ephilayo. Igama lesayensi lohlobo lwesitshalo liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: uhlobo kanye nezinhlobo. I-genus ibhekisela eqenjini lezitshalo ezihlobene eduze, kuyilapho igama lezilwane likhomba isitshalo esithile kulelo qembu.

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi akhona 390,000 izinhlobo zezitshalo ezaziwayo eMhlabeni, futhi izinhlobo ezintsha zisatholakala minyaka yonke. Izitshalo zidlala indima ebalulekile ku-ecosystem yomhlaba, ukunikeza umoya-mpilo, ukudla, nendawo yokuhlala yezinye izinhlobo eziningi zempilo.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo zingahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngezici zabo kanye nobudlelwano bazo nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo. Indlela eyodwa evamile yokuhlukanisa izinhlobo zezitshalo isekelwe kumafomu azo okukhula, njengezihlahla, izihlahlana, amakhambi, noma imivini. Enye indlela yokuhlukanisa izinhlobo zezitshalo isekelwe emijikelezweni yazo yokuphila, njengezinyanga zonyaka, iminyaka emibili, noma ama-perennials.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo nazo zingahlukaniswa ngokuya ngendawo yazo yokuhlala noma indawo ezungezile, njengezitshalo zasemanzini, izitshalo zasogwadule, noma izitshalo ze-alpine. Ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo zijwayelana nezimo ezithile zemvelo, njengokuphakama okuphezulu noma inhlabathi engenazo izakhi, kuyilapho abanye bengama-generalist futhi bangachuma ezindaweni eziningi zokuhlala.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo nazo zingahlukaniswa ngokuya ngokubaluleka kwazo kwezomnotho noma kwamasiko. Ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ziyimithombo ebalulekile yokudla, umuthi, noma eminye imikhiqizo ewusizo, kuyilapho abanye benokubaluleka kwamasiko noma inkolo emiphakathini ethile.

Ukuqonda nokuhlukanisa izinhlobo zezitshalo kubalulekile ocwaningweni lwesayensi, imizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo, kanye nentuthuko esimeme. Ngokutadisha izici nobudlelwano bezinhlobo zezitshalo ezahlukene, ososayensi bangathola ulwazi mayelana nokuvela kwezitshalo kanye nezindima zazo zemvelo. Imizamo yokulondoloza imvamisa igxila ekuvikeleni izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingavamile noma ezisengozini yokushabalala, kuyilapho intuthuko esimeme idinga ukuqonda ukuthi izitshalo zingasetshenziswa kanjani ngezindlela ezifanayo, kokubili esimeme kwezomnotho kanye nemvelo.

I-Table Mountain iyindawo evelele futhi eheha imvelo etholakala eKapa, Iningizimu Afrika. Intaba iyingxenye yeTable Mountain National Park, elimboza ngaphezulu 22,000 amahektha omhlaba ovikelekile esifundazweni saseNtshonalanga Kapa.

I-Table Mountain Park yaziwa ngendawo yayo emangalisayo futhi ehlukile, okubandakanya uhla lwezinhlelo zemvelo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane. Ipaki iyikhaya lokuqeda 2,200 izinhlobo zezitshalo, abaningi, eziningi zazo zitholakala endaweni, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane, kuhlanganise nezibopho (i-rock hyrax), izimfene, futhi phezu 120 izinhlobo zezinyoni.

Indawo emaphakathi yepaki yiTable Mountain uqobo, emi phezu 1,000 amamitha (3,300 izinyawo) ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Intaba iyisiqongo esiyisicaba esinikeza ukubuka okumangalisayo kwedolobha laseKapa kanye nogu oluzungezile..

Izivakashi eziya e-Table Mountain Park zingafinyelela entabeni ngemoto yekhebula noma imizila yokuhamba ngezinyawo esukela kokulula kuye kwezinselele. Ipaki ihlanganisa nohlu lwamanye amathuba okuzilibazisa, kuhlanganise nokukhuphuka kwamadwala, ukugula, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili entabeni, kanye ne-paragliding.

Indawo yepaki ehlukahlukene ihlanganisa nezindawo eziningi ezisogwini, kuhlanganise nogu olumangelengele, amabhishi anesihlabathi, namachibi olwandle anikezela ngamathuba okubhukuda nokushushuluza nge-snorkeling.

I-Table Mountain Park iyindawo ebalulekile yokongiwa kwemvelo futhi iyikhaya lezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane ezisengozini. Leli paki lizibophezele ekuvikeleni imithombo yalo yemvelo kanye nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okusimeme komhlaba kuyilapho futhi linikeza izivakashi amathuba okuthola ulwazi nokwazisa ubuhle bemvelo baleli paki nokubaluleka kwemvelo..

Sekukonke, I-Table Mountain Park iyindawo eyingqayizivele neyisakhiwo sodumo eKapa, enikeza inhlanganisela yobuhle bemvelo, ukuzijabulisa kwangaphandle, kanye nokongiwa kwemvelo okuheha izivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke.